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- RFC 730 20 May 77
- Extensible Field Addressing
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- Network Working Group Jon Postel
- Request for Comments: 730 USC-ISI
- NIC: 40400 20 May 1977
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- Extensible Field Addressing
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- Introduction
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- This memo discusses the need for and advantages of the expression of
- addresses in a network environment as a set of fields. The suggestion
- is that as the network grows the address can be extended by three
- techniques: adding fields on the left, adding fields on the right, and
- increasing the size of individual fields. Carl Sunshine has described
- this type of addressing in a paper on source routing [1].
-
- Motivation
-
- Change in the Host-IMP Interface
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- The revised Host-IMP interface provides for a larger address space for
- hosts and IMPs [2]. The old inteface allowed for a 2 bit host field and
- a 6 bit IMP field. The new interface allows a 8 bit host field and a 16
- bit IMP field. In using the old interface it was common practice to
- treat the two fields as a single eight bit quantity. When it was
- necessary to refer to a host by number a decimal number was often used.
- For example host 1 on IMP 1 was called host 65. Doug Wells has pointed
- out some of problems associated with attempting to continue such useage
- as the new interface comes into use [3]. If a per field notation had
- been used no problems would arise.
-
- Some examples of old and new host numbers are:
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- Host Name Host IMP old # new #
- --------------------------------------
- SRI-ARC 0 2 2 2
- UCLA-CCN 1 1 65 65537
- ISIA 1 22 86 65558
- ARPA-TIP 2 28 156 131100
- BBNA 3 5 197 196613
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- Multinetwork Systems
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- The prospect of interconnections of networks to form a complex
- multinetwork system poses additional addressing problems. The new
- Host-IMP interface specification has reserved fields in the leader to
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- Postel [page 1]
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- RFC 730 20 May 77
- Extensible Field Addressing
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- carry network addresses [2]. There is experimental work in progress on
- interconnecting networks [4, 5, 6]. We should be prepared for these
- extensions to the address space.
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- The addressing scheme should be expandable to increase in scope when
- interconnections are made between complex systems.
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- Multiprocessor Hosts
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- There may be configurations of hardware that could be interfaced to a
- network as a single host that in fact contain multiple processors.
- Tasks could be associated with processors such that it is desirable to
- dispatch network messages associated with certain sockets or message-ids
- to certain processors. For example it might be desirable to service all
- Telnet use from one processor and all FTP use from a different
- processor.
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- The addressing scheme should be expandable to explicitly address the
- fine structure within a host when that is desirable.
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- Some examples where such fine structure addressing would have been
- useful in the ARPANET are:
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- At ISI, we have the capability of emulating computers using the PRIM
- system [7]. For many applications it is desirable to add the emulated
- host to the network. Since the emulation is carried out under control
- of a program operating under Tenex, we have a host within a host.
- Extensible addressing of hosts would provide the necessary handle.
-
- SCRL once had a PDP-11 connected by VDH to an IMP at UCSB. It became
- necessary to add a second PDP-11 to the network. The two PDP-11s were
- already physically connected and it would have been a simple matter to
- have the first serve as a multiplexor for both. However, because of
- the limitations in the network addressing structure, there was no way
- to identify the two hosts to other sites on the network. A new IMP
- had to be installed!
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- In many other cases, it is desirable to have two hosts share the same
- front end to the network. With the current limitation, one IMP port
- must be consumed for each host.
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- Postel [page 2]
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- RFC 730 20 May 77
- Extensible Field Addressing
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- Proposal
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- The necessary solution to the problem posed by the change in the
- Host-IMP inteface is to always represent the address by fields. This
- solution provides for a natural growth into an internetwork environment,
- and allows explicit addressing of the fine structure within a host if
- that is desirable.
-
- The fields should be written in a natural way, and i believe that means
- that the most general field should come first with additional fields
- specifying more and more details of the address. In the current case
- this would lead to the following fields:
-
- Network / IMP / Host / Message-Identifier
-
- A problem with simple field addressing is the desire to specify only the
- fields that are necessary given the local context. A program
- interpreting the address is then unsure what the first field represents.
- Some clues are needed in the address specification for correct parsing
- to be possible. Dave Crocker has described a syntax for a similar
- problem in network access of data [8].
-
- Specific Sugestion
-
- Specifically i suggest that we adopt a field based extensible address
- scheme where each field is separated from its neighbors by a delimiter
- character and each field has a name. When an address is specified the
- name of the most general field must also be indicated.
-
- Definitions:
-
- <address> ::= <field-name> ":" <fields>
-
- <field-name> ::= "NET" | "IMP" | "HOST" | "MESSAGE-ID"
-
- <fields> ::= <field> | <field> "/" <fields>
-
- <field> ::= a decimal number
-
- Examples:
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- NET:1/3/5/7 names message-id 7 at host 5 on imp 3 in network 1.
-
- HOST:6 names host 6 on whatever imp this message originates on.
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- Postel [page 3]
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- RFC 730 20 May 77
- Extensible Field Addressing
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- One might ask: What is all the fuss about, isn't this a non-problem?,
- The answer is: Almost. There are very few places where any real
- difficulties arise, but we have to change the way we think about host
- addresses. The places where there is a problem are typically little
- used, except one. The place where humans will see a difficulty is in
- the TIP "open" command [9], and to a lesser extent the user Telnet and
- user FTP "connect" commands. Other places are in the MAIL netaddress
- field, the FTP "sock" command [10], the Telnet reconnection option [11],
- and in the NIC maintained list of official host names [12].
-
- Conclusion
-
- The suggestion is that we adopt field based extensible addressing to
- provide for growth in three ways:
-
- (1) growth of the number of hosts and IMPs by allowing these fields to
- grow in size independently of each other;
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- (2) growth in scope by the addition of fields on the left to provide
- for multinetwork systems;
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- (3) growth in fine structure by addition of fields on the right for the
- implementation of hosts as mininetworks.
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- Postel [page 4]
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- RFC 730 20 May 77
- Extensible Field Addressing
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- References
-
- [1] Sunshine, C. "Source Routing and Computer Networks," Computer
- Communication Review, Vol. 7, Number 1, ACM Special Interest
- Group on Communications (SIGCOMM), January 1977. Also
- circulated as INWG General Note number 133.
-
- [2] BBN, "The Interconnection of a Host and an IMP," Report 1822,
- Bolt Beranek and Newman, Revised January 1976.
-
- [3] Wells, D., "Impact of New IMP Leaders on Higher-level
- Protocols," ARPA Network Message
- [MIT-Multics]1.2.BBBJGbHZPXdDjl, MIT, 19 May 1977.
-
- [4] Beeler, et.al. "Gateway Design for a Computer Network
- Interconnection," PRTN 156, February 1976.
-
- [5] Cerf, V., Y. Dalal, and C. Sunshine. "Specification of an
- Internet Transmission Control Program," INWG General 72, RFC
- 675, Revised December 1974.
-
- [6] Cerf, V. "Specification of TCP version 2," March 1977.
-
- [7] Britt, B. et.al. "PRIM System: Overview," ISI/RR-77-58,
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern
- California, March 1977.
-
- [8] Crocker, D., "Network Standard Data Specification Syntax," RFC
- 645, Network Information Center Catalog Number 30899, 27 June
- 1974.
-
- [9] Malman, J., "User's Guide to the Terminal IMP," Report 2138,
- Bolt Beranek and Newman, Network Information Center Catalog
- Number 10916, Revised March 1976.
-
- [10] Neigus, N., "File Transfer Protocol," RFC 542, Network
- Information Center Catalog Number 17759, 12 August 1973.
- Contained in "ARPANET Protocol Handbook," Network Information
- Center Catalog Number 7104, Revised 1 April 1976.
-
- [11] Thomas, R., "Telnet Reconnection Option," Network Information
- Center Catalog Number 15391, August 1973. Contained in "ARPANET
- Protocol Handbook," Network Information Center Catalog Number
- 7104, Revised 1 April 1976.
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- [12] [Offfice-1]<NETINFO>HOSTS.TXT
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- Postel [page 5]